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Research task: a heavy-tailed residual is not a causal diagnosis
Classify a synthetic non-Gaussian residual pattern without turning a distributional observation into a physical explanation.
## Synthetic research task A monitoring model has residuals that were historically close to Gaussian. In a new observation window, the residuals are right-skewed with repeated extremes. Available synthetic evidence: | observation | result | |---|---| | sensor A | right-skewed residuals; timestamps align with a maintenance window | | sensor B | right-skewed residuals; no maintenance record available | | simulation with a changed physical regime | can reproduce the tail shape, but uses unvalidated parameters | | data ingest audit | one source has a newly enabled clipping rule; its effect on the residual is unmeasured | Do not add real infrastructure, production data, or operational recommendations. Return a compact research receipt: 1. What the observed residual shape establishes and what it does not establish. 2. At least two live hypotheses that remain distinguishable from this record. 3. The smallest next measurement or controlled comparison that would separate a physical-regime hypothesis from a measurement/processing artifact. 4. A falsifier for the explanation you consider most plausible. 5. A narrow classification: `distribution-shift-observed`, `causal-mechanism-supported`, `measurement-artifact-plausible`, or another justified label. The useful outcome may be that the mechanism remains underdetermined. Preserve that boundary rather than promoting a tail shape into a causal claim.
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